Horizontal gun flue coke ovens



Jan. 8, 1963 Filed Aug. 19, 1960 c. OTTO 3,072,540

HORIZONTAL GUN FLUE COKE OVENS FIG. I.

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR CARL OTTO 1 ATTORNEYS INVENTOR CARL OTTO BY A ATTORNE United States Patent 3,072,540 HORIZUNTAL GUN FLUE COKE OVENS Carl Otto, 8 The Beachway, Manhasset, NY. Filed Aug. 19, 1960, Ser. No. 50,723 4- Claims. (Cl. 202-141) This invention relates to horizontal gun flue coke oven batteries.

Horizontal gun flue coke oven batteries have been known and used for many years in the coke oven industry. The gun fines are in effect conduits which extend through the deck between the rcgenerators and the coke oven structure itself for conveying rich gas to nozzles at the bottoms of the coke oven heating flues. The coke oven heating flues are disposed in heating walls generally made from two spaced apart heating wall liners which are adjacent coke oven chambers. The flues themselves are generally isolated from one another by heating wall binders which extend transversely of the heating wall. Such a construction is employed regardless of the type of coke oven. That is, such a construction can be used in two divided ovens, four divided ovens, hairpin flue ovens, cross over ovens or any other type of heating wall flue arrangement. In the past the gun flues have been disposed on the center line of the heating flues in the heating walls. With such an arrangement it has been necessary to direct the passages extending between the regenerator chambers below the heating walls to the heating flues for conveying air to the heating flues and for removing waste gas from the heating flues around the gun fines. This necessitates the passages to communicate with the bottoms of the heating flues at an angle to the vertical which at times is undesirable. Moreover, with such an arrangement, the partitions between adjacent regenerator chambers have to be enlarged to accommodate the gun flues in such a fashion as to reduce gas leakage therefrom into the regenerator chambers. In order to properly shape the passages and the regenerator chambers with the gun flues directly under the center line of the heating flues the brick work required in making the partitions has necessarily included a large number of angular surfaced bricks which are irregular,- not standard, and which are expensive to make.

One object of the present invention is the provision of a gun flue coke oven battery which permits the passages from the regenerator chambers to the heating fines to communicate with the heating flues in substantially a vertically direction.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a horizontal gun flue coke oven battery having the gun flues located under the heating wall liners with angular passages extending from the gun flues to nozzles at the bottoms of the heating flues, which angular passages have provision for reducing the possibility of becoming clogged by a broken nozzle or the like.

The above and other objects, characteristics and features of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a Vertical sectional view of a coke oven battery embodying the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale showing the details of construction of the angular passages extending from the gun flues to the nozzles at the bottom of the heating flues.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, FIG. 1 is a fragmentary sectional view of a horizontal gun flue coke oven battery It) embodying the present invention. This battery includes a regenerator 12, a deck 14 overlying the regenerator, and a super structure 16 which is made up of a plurality of coking chambers 18 which are spaced apart by heating walls 20. Each of the heating walls 20 is made up of two spaced apart heating wall liners 22 between which are vertically extending heating flues 24. The heating flues in each heating wall are separated from one another by transversely extending binder bricks (not shown).

Disposed within the deck 14 are a plurality of gun flues 26 which are located substantially directly underneath the heating wall liners 22. The gun flues are made out of refractory material and convey rich gas along the length of the coke oven heating walls to supply said rich gas to the heating fiues as will be described hereinafter.

The regenerator 12 is made up of'a plurality of regenerator chambers 28 and 30 which extend parallel to the coking chambers 18 and are arranged to directly supply preheated combustion air to the heating flues 24 and at alternate times to remove from the heating flues waste gasses resulting from the combustion of the preheated combustion air and the rich gas conveyed to the flues through the gun flues 26. The regenerator chambers 28 and 3% are generally filled with a brick work to absorb the heat from the waste gasses whereby to have said heat available on a reverse cycle to give up to combustion air as it is passing through the regenerator chambers to the heating flues. Accordingly, at the bottom of each of the regenerator chambers there are a pair of channels 32 and 3 for supplying combustion air to the regenerator chambers and for removing waste gasses from the respective generator chambers, respectively.

In order for the combustion air to be supplied to the heating flues directly from the regenerator chambers, passages must be provided through the deck 14 from the regenerator chambers to the bottoms of the heating flues. These passages, at alternate times, serve to permit the waste gasses to pass from the heating fines to the regenerator chambers. Such passages are designated by the reference characters 36 and 33 and they extend from adjacent the tops of the regenerator chambers 28 and St? in an angular direction defined by the shape of the deck 14 and of the partitions it} between regenerator chambers and thence vertically upwardly into the bottoms of the.

lines. It will be seen that with the gun flues 26 disposed underneath the heating wall liners 22 rather than at the tops of the partitions 40 the bricks 41 forming the tops of said partitions need not be shaped to provide a gas seal and, further, the tops may also be of smaller cross sectional area than is normally encountered in current practice. With such an arrangement the need for irregular shaped bricks at the tops of the partitions 40 is obviated and the bricks 41 at the tops of the partitions 40 may be standard rectangular bricks rather than irregularly shaped. This brings about a decided reduction in cost of construction of the coke oven battery.

While it is not intended to limit this invention, there is an important advantage of having the passages 36 and 38 communicate with the heating flues 24 in a vertical direction when the ovens are constructed in accordance with my earlier filed United States patent application Serial Nos. 10,606 and 17,565, both of which applications disclose a method for obtaining uniform combustion of gas in heating flues by introducing combustion air at two levels by means of the use of chimneys 42 for conveying a portion of the heated air to higher levels in the heating flues and for introducing said combustion air in a substantially vertical direction parallel to the direction of introduction of the gas. By having the ends of the passages 36 and 38 adjacent the heating flues extend in a vertical direction'combustion air is introduced into the heating flues in a vertical direction which is an important element in the proper operation of coke oven batteries made Patented Jan. 8, 1963.

3 in accordance with said patent applications. If further details on this particular type of coke oven construction is required, reference may be had to said aforementioned patent applications.

Disposed at the bottoms of each of the heating flues is a nozzle 4-4 for introducing rich gas from the gun flues 26 into the heating flues 24. The standard nozzle used in coke oven construction is made of a refractory material having a central cylindrical passage 46, the refractory having an outwardly tapered upper portion and an inwardly tapered lower portion 50. The lower portion 50 seats in a complementary aperture 52 in the deck 14 whereby to hold the nozzle fixed relative to the coke oven construction. The aperture 52 is actually a vertically extending portion 52 of a passage 54 which communicates with the gun flue 26 and with the heating flues 24. It will be seen that the major portions 56 of the passages 54 are angularly extending. One of the problems that has been encountered in the past with respect to gun flue ovens is that from time to time the nozzles 44 get broken either by being dropped while being placed at the bottoms of the heating flues or due to cracking or the like. At such times, the nozzle may, in fragments, fall down into the passages 54. Heretofore, these passages have been substantially vertically extending and, accordingly, little or no difliculty has been encountered with a fragment of a broken nozzle becoming lodged in the passage to thus clog it. However, in utilizing the angularly extending passage 54 embodied in the present invention, there is some possibility of a large fragment of a broken nozzle 44 becoming lodged in the passage 54 whereby to cut off or reduce the supply of gas from the gun flue to the heating flue. This lodging may be particularly hazardous at the point where the passage 54 bends from the vertically extending portion 52 into the angularly extending portion 55. To overcome this difliculty and in accordance with one of the features of the present invention, the angularly extending portion 55 of the passage 54 is preferably of substantially larger cross section diameter than the diameter of the bottom of the nozzle. Moreover, in order to communicate the angularly extending portion 55 of the passage 54 with the vertically extending portion 52 thereof it will be necessary for one side of the vertically extending portion to extend below the other side as shown by the reference character 53 whereby to enlarge the throat at the bend a considerable amount over the diameter of the bottom of the nozzle. By having the enlarged throat and by providing the angular portion with an enlarged diameter, I have found that it is highly improbable that any part of a nozzle 44 would become lodged in the passage 54 to cut off the supply of rich gas. If a nozzle 44 should break and the fragments should fall into the passage 54 when the parts would fall directly into the gun flue 26 as by gravity and from there they could be pushed out with a rod if desired.

By way of example and not by way of limitation, a passage 54 from the gun flue to a nozzle having a 2 inch diameter base (that is a diameter of 2 inches at the bottom of the nozzle) could be constructed so that the diameter of the non-tapered part of the vertically extending portion 52 of the passage 54 would have a 2 inch diameter and the remainder of the passage, that is the angularly extending portion 55 could have a diameter of 2% or more inches. In lieu of a uniform diameter for the angularly extending portion 55 of the passage 54, the portion 55 can be itself tapered or stepped with the uppermost part of slightly larger diameter than the seat for the nozzle and the part closest to the gun flue of still larger diameter. For instance, the uppermost part of the angularly extending portion 55 of the passage 54 could be 2% inches in diameter, the central part of the angularly extending portion 55 could be 2% inches in diameter and the part of the angularly extending portion 55 of the passage 54 immediately adjacent the gun flue 26 could be 2 /2 .inchesin diameter. With either arrangement the likelihood of clogging of the passage 54 due to a broken nozzle is substantially obviated as described hereinbefore.

While I have herein shown and described one form of the present invention it will be understood that various changes and modifications may be made therein within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

What I claim is:

1. In a horizontal coke oven having a regenerator, a superstructure above said regenerator, and a deck between said regenerator and said superstructure, said superstructure comprising a plurality of spaced apart heating walls with coking chambers disposed therebetween, each of said heating walls comprising a pair of spaced apart heating wall liners with a multiplicity of vertically extending heating flues therebetween, said regenerator including a plurality of regenerator chambers, a plurality of gun flues disposed within said deck extending parallel to and underlying said heating wall liners, a plurality of passages extending upwardly through said deck from said regenerator chambers to associated heating flues, said passages passing between said gun flues and having their portions adjacent the heating flues substantially solely vertically extending, and other passages extending through said deck from said gun flues to the bottoms of said heating flues for conveying gas to said heating flues, said other passages having angularly extending portions adjacent said gun flues and vertically extending portions adjacent said heating flues, and a plurality of nozzles, one for substantially each heating flue, said nozzles being seated in the vertically extending portions of said other passages, the angularly extending portions of said other passages being of larger cross section than the parts of said vertically extending portions adjacent said angularly extending portions.

2. In a horizontal coke oven having a regenerator, a superstructure above said regenerator, and a deck between said regenerator and said superstructure, said superstructure comprising a plurality of spaced apart heating walls with coking chambers disposed therebetween, each of said heating walls comprising a pair of spaced apart heating wall liners with a multiplicity of vertically extending heating flues therebetween, said regenerator including a plurality of regenerator chambers, a plurality of gun flues disposed within said deck extending parallel to and underlying said heating wall liners, a plurality of passages extending upwardly through said deck from said regenerator chambers to associated heating flues, said passages passing between said gun flues and having their portions adjacent the heating flues substantially solely vertically extending, and other passages extending through said deck from said gun flues to the bottoms of said heating flues for conveying gas to said heating flues, said other passages being of circular cross section and having angularly extending portions adjacent said gun flues and vertically extending portions adjacent said heating flues, the parts of said vertically extending portions of said other passages immediately adjacent said heating flues being tapered, a plurality of nozzles, one for substantially each of said heating flues, said nozzles having their lower portions shaped complementary to said tapered parts of said other passages and being seated therein, the diameter of the non-tapered parts of said vertically extending portions of said other passages being smaller than the diameter of the angularly extending portions thereof.

3. In a horizontal coke oven having a regenerator, a superstructure above said regenerator, and a deck between said regenerator and said superstructure, said superstructure compising a plurality of spaced apart heating walls with coking chambers disposed therebetween, each of said heating walls comprising a pair of spaced apart heating wall liners with a multiplicity of vertically extending heating flues therebetween, said regenerator including a plurality of regenerator chambers, a plurality of gun flues disposed within said deck extending parallel to and underlying said heating Wall liners, a plurality of passages extending upwardly through said deck from said regenerator chambers to associated heating fiues, said passages passing between said gun fiues and having their portions adjacent the heating fines substantially solely vertically extending, and other passages extending through said deck from said gun fines to the bottoms of said heating fiues for conveying gas to said heating fines, said other passages being of circular cross section and having angularly extending portions adjacent said gun flues and vertically extending portions adjacent said heating flues, the parts of said vertically extending portions of said other passages immediately adjacent said heating flues being tapered, a plurality of nozzles, one for substantially each of said heating fines, said nozzles having their lower portion shaped complementary to said tapered parts of said other passages and being seated therein, the diameter of the angularly extending portions of said other passages being tapered from said gun flues to the inter-sections with the vertically extending portions thereof and being larger throughout than the diameter of the non-tapered parts of said vertically extending portions of said other passages.

4. In a horizontal coke oven having a regenerator, a superstructure above said regenerator, and a deck between said regenerator and said superstructure, said superstructure comprising a plurality of spaced apart heating Walls with coking chambers disposed therebetween, each of said heating walls comprising a pair of spaced apart heating wall liners with a multiplicity of vertically extending heating flues therebetween, said regenerator including a plurality of regenerator chambers, a plurality of gun flues disposed within said deck extending parallel to and underlying said heating wall liners, a plurality of passages extending upwardly through said deck from said regenerator chambers to associated heating flues, said passages passing between said gun fines and having their portions adjacent the heating tlues substmtially solely vertically extending, and other passages extending through said deck from said gun fiues to the bottoms of said heating flues for conveying gas to said heating fines, said other passages being of circular cross section and having angularly extending portions adjacent said gun fines and vertically extending portions adjacent said heating fines, the parts of said vertically extending portions of said other passages immediately adjacent said heating fines being tapered, a plurality of nozzles, one for substantially each of said heating flues, said nozzles having their lower portion shaped complementary to said tapered parts of said other passages and being seated therein, the diameter of the angularly eX- tending portions of said other passages being decreased by steps from said gun flues to the intersections with the vertically extending portions thereof and [being larger throughout than the diameter of the non-tapered parts of said vertically extending portions of said other passages.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,856,501 Totzek May 3, 1932 1,857,288 Schrader et a1 May 10, 1932 1,904,516 Otto Apr. 18, 1933 FOREIGN PATENTS 453,239 Germany Dec. 3, 1927 571,701 Germany Mar. 3, 1933 

3. IN A HORIZONTAL COKE OVER HAVING A REGNERATOR, A SUPERSTRUCTURE ABOVE SAID REGENERATOR, AND A DECK BETWEEN SAID REGENERATOR AND SAID SUPERSTRUCTURE, SAID SUPERSTRUCTURE COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF SPACED APART HEATING WALLS WITH COKING CHAMBERS DISPOSED THEREBETWEEN, EACH OF SAID HEATING WALLS COMPRISING A PAIR OF SPACED APART HEATING WALL LINERS WITH A MULTIPLICITY OF VERTICALLY EXTENDING HEATING FLUES THEREBETWEEN, SAID REGENERATOR INCLUDING A PLURALITY OF REGENERATOR CHAMBERS, A PLURALITY OF GUN FLUES DISPOSED WITHIN SAID DECK EXTENDING PARALLEL TO AND UNDERLYING SAID HEATING WALL LINERS, A PLURALITY OF PASSAGES EXTENDING UPWARDLY THROUGH SAID DECK FROM SAID REGENERATOR CHAMBERS TO ASSOCIATED HEATING FLUES, SAID PASSAGES PASSING BETWEEN SAID GUN FLUES AND HAVING THEIR PORTIONS ADJACENT THE HEATING FLUES SUBSTANTIALLY SOLELY VERTICALLY EXTENDING, AND OTHER PASSAGES EXTENDING THROUGH SAID DECK FROM SAID GUN FLUES TO THE BOTTOMS OF SAID HEATING FLUES FOR CONVEYING GAS TO SAID HEATING FLUES, SAID OTHER PASAGES BEING OF CIRCULAR CROSS SECTION AND HAVING ANGULARLY EXTENDING PORTIONS ADJACENT SAID GUN FLUES AND VERTICALLY EXTENDING PORTIONS ADJACENT SAID HEATING FLUES, THE PARTS OF SAID VERTICALLY EXTENDING PORTIONS OF SAID OTHER PASSAGES IMMEDIATELY ADJACENT SAID HEATING FLUES BEING TAPERED, A PLURALITY OF NOZZLES, ONE FOR SUBSTANTIALLY EACH OF SAID 